Alkalis inorganic, hydroxides
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Description
Alkalis — hydroxides of alkaline, shchyolochnozemelny metals and ammonium. Carry well soluble bases in water to alkalis. At dissociation of alkali form OH− anions and a cation of metal.
NaOH (caustic rubbed), KOH (caustic heat), Ba(OH)2 (caustic barite) belong to alkalis gidroksidymetall of subgroups of Ia and IIA (since calcium) periodic system, for example. Caustic alkalis — the trivial name of hydroxides of LiOH lithium, NaOH sodium, GAME potassium, RbOH rubidium, and CsOH caesium.
Physical properties
Hydroxides of alkaline metals (caustic alkalis) represent solid, white, very hygroscopic substances. Alkalis — the strong bases, very well soluble in water, and reaction is followed by a considerable thermal emission. Force of the basis and solubility in water increases with increase in radius of a cation in each group of periodic system. The strongest alkalis — caesium hydroxide in Ia group and radium hydroxide in IIa group. Besides, caustic alkalis of a rastvorima in ethanol and methanol.
Chemical properties
In a firm state all alkalis absorb H2O from air, and also CO2 (as well in a condition of solution) from air, gradually turning into carbonates. Alkalis are widely applied in the industry. Important chemical property of alkalis — ability to form salts in reaction with acids.
Examples of reactions of NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
NaOH (caustic rubbed), KOH (caustic heat), Ba(OH)2 (caustic barite) belong to alkalis gidroksidymetall of subgroups of Ia and IIA (since calcium) periodic system, for example. Caustic alkalis — the trivial name of hydroxides of LiOH lithium, NaOH sodium, GAME potassium, RbOH rubidium, and CsOH caesium.
Physical properties
Hydroxides of alkaline metals (caustic alkalis) represent solid, white, very hygroscopic substances. Alkalis — the strong bases, very well soluble in water, and reaction is followed by a considerable thermal emission. Force of the basis and solubility in water increases with increase in radius of a cation in each group of periodic system. The strongest alkalis — caesium hydroxide in Ia group and radium hydroxide in IIa group. Besides, caustic alkalis of a rastvorima in ethanol and methanol.
Chemical properties
In a firm state all alkalis absorb H2O from air, and also CO2 (as well in a condition of solution) from air, gradually turning into carbonates. Alkalis are widely applied in the industry. Important chemical property of alkalis — ability to form salts in reaction with acids.
Examples of reactions of NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
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Alkalis inorganic, hydroxides