Calender

Calender.

Used in various fields of technology for over 100 years. In the metallurgical industry, these are rolling mills; in the textile, paper and plastics processing industries, these are machines of similar design called calenders.

During calendering, the polymer material is continuously forced through the gap between heated hollow cylinders rotating towards each other, as a result of which an endless thin sheet or film is formed. In contrast to rolling, in calendering the polymer material passes through the nip only once. Therefore, to obtain a sheet or film with a smooth surface, it is necessary to pass it through several (usually two or three) gaps. Calendering is widely used in the rubber and plastic processing industries to make thin films and sheets of polymer material, and to apply a layer of polymer material to fabric.