Gages of speed of a current of water

There passed more than hundred years since two modes of a current were found: laminar and turbulent. However, the problem of definition of quantitative characteristics of such currents is not solved even now.

Thanks to progress of modern electronics it was succeeded to create rather exact devices for measurement of turbulence and its parameters.

However practical tasks it is much more difficult now. For example, for chemical reactors it is necessary to count speeds of mixture of substances to the molecular level and speed of chemical reactions in turbulent flows; for magnetohydrodynamic generators - influence of magnetic and electric fields on the processes happening at turbulent flow of the carrying-out liquid; in numerous use of optical quantum generators - influence of turbulence of the atmosphere on dispersion of a beam, change of wavelength and a phase. In ecological tasks, and also weather forecasts and climate researchers face specific flat turbulence of atmospheric and oceanic currents, svoystvakotory significantly differ from usual three-dimensional. It is possible to give also other examples.

Even at measurement of such simple parameters as it can seem at first sight as the consumption of the liquid proceeding on the channel and level of filling of the channel arise the difficulties connected with turbulence namely: determination of speed of a current, generation of pulsations a component of speed, their dispersion on space and transformations into warmth.