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Kazakhstan, Almaty
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13 years on Allbiz
Description
Mercury - the only metal and a mineral, liquid at a usual temperature (Tpl. =-38,87 °C and Tkip. = 356,56 °C, mercury density at 20 °C =13,546 g/cm3.) Feature of mercury is its ability to evaporation even at usual temperatures. Metal mercury is capable to evaporate at temperatures up to -50 °C.
With temperature increase evaporation considerably amplifies. At 20 °C the concentration of vapors exceeding maximum concentration limit by 1520 times at 30 °C can be created - 3390 times and at 40 °C - by 7000 times.
The most known scope - thermometers, barometers, manometers and other devices. Mercury is used in the electrotechnical equipment - mercury gas-discharge light sources: mercury lamps, luminescent lamps, and also for production of solders, dyes, linoleum, heat insulation, plastic, in stomatology and so forth.
The only ore mineral of mercury - cinnabar (mercuric sulfide of bright red color), after its oxidizing roasting in distillation installation occurs condensation of vapors of mercury. Mercury and especially its vapors are very toxic. Also less harmful hydrometallurgical way is applied to receiving mercury: cinnabar is transferred to sodium sulfide solution then mercury is recovered to metal by aluminum.
In 1995 world production of mercury made 3049 t, and the revealed resources of mercury were estimated at 675 thousand tons (mainly in Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Kyrgyzstan, in Ukraine and in Russia). The largest producers of mercury - Spain (1497 t), China (550 t), Algeria (290 t), Mexico (280 t). The Almadén field in the south of Spain, known already is almost 2000 the main source of receiving mercury. In 1986 large supplies were in addition reconnoitered there. In the USA cinnabar is extracted on one mine in Nevada, a quantity of mercury is taken as a by-product at gold mining in Nevada and Utah. In Kyrgyzstan fields Haydarkan and Chauvay are long since developed. In Russia there are small fields on Chukotka, Kamchatka and Altai.
Importance of the analysis of mercury. While the total quantity of mercury on Earth remains invariable, the amount of mercury in the biosphere for the last century considerably increased. Emissions from the internal combustion engines (which are especially burning coal and oil) lead to education of the greatest amount of mercury in the atmosphere from where it gets then to the soil and natural waters, collecting generally in fabrics slaves and animals, and, thereby, getting to food of the person. Other polluter are burning of poisonous waste of the medical industry, plants (production of varnishes and paints, fertilizers, especially pesticides, paper, etc.) and even the broken household thermometers and manometers.
Danger of pollution does by compounds of mercury extremely importance the accuracy and efficiency of definition of mercury. The traditional and rather well working method of definition of mercury is the method of cold steam. However, despite good results, the method is labor-consuming, long and in process a lot of the accompanying poisonous waste is allocated.
The only ore mineral of mercury - cinnabar (mercuric sulfide of bright red color), after its oxidizing roasting in distillation installation occurs condensation of vapors of mercury. Mercury and especially its vapors are very toxic. Also less harmful hydrometallurgical way is applied to receiving mercury: cinnabar is transferred to sodium sulfide solution then mercury is recovered to metal by aluminum.
In 1995 world production of mercury made 3049 t, and the revealed resources of mercury were estimated at 675 thousand tons (mainly in Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Kyrgyzstan, in Ukraine and in Russia). The largest producers of mercury - Spain (1497 t), China (550 t), Algeria (290 t), Mexico (280 t). The Almadén field in the south of Spain, known already is almost 2000 the main source of receiving mercury. In 1986 large supplies were in addition reconnoitered there. In the USA cinnabar is extracted on one mine in Nevada, a quantity of mercury is taken as a by-product at gold mining in Nevada and Utah. In Kyrgyzstan fields Haydarkan and Chauvay are long since developed. In Russia there are small fields on Chukotka, Kamchatka and Altai.
Importance of the analysis of mercury. While the total quantity of mercury on Earth remains invariable, the amount of mercury in the biosphere for the last century considerably increased. Emissions from the internal combustion engines (which are especially burning coal and oil) lead to education of the greatest amount of mercury in the atmosphere from where it gets then to the soil and natural waters, collecting generally in fabrics slaves and animals, and, thereby, getting to food of the person. Other polluter are burning of poisonous waste of the medical industry, plants (production of varnishes and paints, fertilizers, especially pesticides, paper, etc.) and even the broken household thermometers and manometers.
Danger of pollution does by compounds of mercury extremely importance the accuracy and efficiency of definition of mercury. The traditional and rather well working method of definition of mercury is the method of cold steam. However, despite good results, the method is labor-consuming, long and in process a lot of the accompanying poisonous waste is allocated.
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